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Kelvin‐Planck and Clausius statements of second law of thermodynamics

December 25, 2020 by imBooz Leave a Comment

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Q: Give Kelvin‐Planck and Clausius statements of the second law of thermodynamics.

Justify that violation of the Kelvin‐Planck statement leads to violation of the Clausius statement and vice versa.

Kelvin‐Planck statement: It is impossible to construct a heat engine or device which operates in a cycle that produces no other effects than the production of work and the transfer of heat from a single body.
The efficiency of such an engine would be 100 %

Such a device violates Kelvin-Planck’s statement even though it satisfies the first law of thermodynamics, i.e. principle of conservation of energy.

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Fig. A heat engine that violates the Kelvin‐Planck statement of the second law cannot be built

Fig. A heat engine that favors the Kelvin‐Planck statement

Clausius Statement :                                                  

“It is impossible to construct a device that operates on a cycle whose main result is the transfer of heat from a cooler body to a hotter body without the assistance of external work.

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According to the above statement, it is clear that heat cannot flow itself from a lower temperature body to a higher temperature body without the assistance of an external work [Figure (a)]. This process is impossible and violates the Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

Alternatively, heat can transfer from a low-temperature body to a high-temperature body with the help of external work (W) [Figure (b)]. This process is possible.

Filed Under: Technical Articles Tagged With: Clausius Statement, Kelvin‐Planck statements

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