Pediatric Nurse Quiz | Practice MCQ #mcq.ImBooz

• (A) Checking apical pulse for 1 full minute
• (B) Positioning the child with the head slightly elevated
• (C) Counting the child’s respiratory rate for 1 full minute
• (D) Calculating the child’s urine output

Check AnswerSolution[A]:-The child’s apical heart rate should be counted for 1 full minute before digoxin administration. If the heart rate is below the rate specified in the order (typically, 90 to 110 beats/ minute for infants and young children or below 70 beats/minute in older children), the dose should be withheld and the doctor notified.

• (A) digoxin (Lanoxin)
• (B) prednisone (Deltasone)
• (C) furosemide (Lasix)
• (D) indomethacin (Indocin)

Check AnswerSolution[D]:-Indomethacin is administered to an infant with PDA in an effort to close the defect.

• (A) Tricuspid atresia
• (B) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• (C) PDA
• (D) Tetralogy of Fallot

Check AnswerSolution[D]:-Tetralogy of Fallot has four cardiac defects: VSD, right ventricular outflow obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta. In a child with KD, the greatest concern is:

• (A) Nasopharynx
• (B) Trachea
• (C) Bronchioles
• (D) Alveoli

Check AnswerSolution[D]:-The exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide occurs in the alveoli

• (A) Cystic fibrosis
• (B) Asthma
• (C) Epiglottitis
• (D) Croup

Check AnswerSolution[D]:-A “barking cough” and difficulty breathing indicate croup. These signs arise as the child attempts to inhale air around a laryngospasm that obstructs the airway.

• (A) Murmur
• (B) Wheezing
• (C) Crackles
• (D) Pleural friction rub

Check AnswerSolution[B]:-When listening to the lung sounds of a child with asthma, the most commonly heard adventitious sound is wheezing, which sounds like a musical note.

• (A) Tonsillitis
• (B) Bronchiolitis
• (C) Epiglottitis
• (D) Tuberculosis

Check AnswerSolution[C]:-Epiglottitis is an acute inflammation of the epiglottis that can rapidly progress to upper airway obstruction. It requires immediate attention because, if the obstruction becomes complete, death can result unless emergency treatment such as tracheotomy is initiated.

• (A) Steatorrhea (fat in the stool)
• (B) Decreased appetite
• (C) Decreased respiratory rate
• (D) Early passage of meconium in the neonatal period

Check AnswerSolution[A]:-Cystic fibrosis causes thick secretions that block the pancreatic ducts and prevent essential pancreatic enzymes from reaching the duodenum. This condition causes stools that are greasy, foul-smelling, and frothy from undigested fats.

• (A) renal cortex.
• (B) renal medulla.
• (C) nephron.
• (D) ureter.

Check AnswerSolution[C]:-The nephron, located within the renal medulla, is the main functional unit of the kidney; it filters out waste products and excess water, forming urine.

• (A) KUB.
• (B) excretory urography.
• (C) VCUG.
• (D) renal biopsy.

Check AnswerSolution[B]:-In excretory urography, I.V. contrast medium is injected, and then X-rays are taken to visualize the structures of the entire urinary elimination system.

• (A) cryptorchidism.
• (B) adverse effects of hemodialysis.
• (C) HUS.
• (D) acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Check AnswerSolution[D]:-Pink-tinged urine, facial edema, and a history of a sore throat are the typical signs and symptoms of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

• (A) Periorbital edema, polyuria, proteinuria, and hyperproteinemia
• (B) Hypercholesterolemia, hypoproteinemia, proteinuria, and periorbital edema
• (C) Pedal edema, hypolipidemia, hematuria, and oliguria
• (D) Hyperlipidemia, glycosuria, hyperproteinemia, and generalized edema

Check AnswerSolution[B]:-The four classic signs and symptoms of early stages of nephrotic syndrome are hypercholesterolemia, hypoproteinemia, proteinuria, and periorbital edema.

• (A) the epiphyseal plate.
• (B) the metaphyseal plate.
• (C) the diaphyseal plate.
• (D) the medullary plate.

Check AnswerSolution[A]:-The epiphyseal plate. The diaphysis is the shaft of the long bone. The metaphysis is the wider portion of the long bone next to the epiphysis. The medullary cavity is where the bone marrow is found.

• (A) placed on the affected foot for 2 weeks only.
• (B) placed on both feet for 6 weeks.
• (C) placed on the affected foot initially then changed every 2 to 3 weeks as the baby’s foot grows and is manipulated.
• (D) placed on both feet initially and then changed every 4 to 5 weeks as the baby’s feet grow and are manipulated

Check AnswerSolution[C]:-Serial casting is done on the affected foot (or both feet if affected) and changed every 2 to 3 weeks as the baby’s foot grows and is manipulated. Treatment lasts for several months depending on the severity of the deformation.

• (A) gold salts.
• (B) methotrexate.
• (C) aspirin.
• (D) NSAIDs.

Check AnswerSolution[D]:-NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen are the firstline treatment for JIA. Methotrexate has replaced gold salts as a second-line treatment if NSAIDs are not sufficient. Aspirin should not be used in children due to the rare but severe risk of developing Reye’s syndrome.

• (A) Pain in the affected hip only and a noticeable limp
• (B) Pain in the knee, hip, groin, or thigh; possible complaints of stiffness; and perhaps a limp
• (C) Pain and swelling of the affected hip and a severe limp
• (D) Redness, swelling, and pain above the knee of the affected side

Check AnswerSolution[B]:-An SCFE often will refer pain to the knee, groin, or thigh. A mild slip may only cause stiffness. The severity of the limp depends on the severity of the slip. Redness and swelling would suggest a different cause.

• (A) metabolic acidosis.
• (B) metabolic alkalosis.
• (C) hyperkalemia.
• (D) hypernatremia.

Check AnswerSolution[B]:-Projectile vomiting causes loss of hydrochloric acid, which results in metabolic alkalosis.

• (A) he had indigestion, which has been relieved.
• (B) he’s afraid of going to surgery.
• (C) his appendix has ruptured.
• (D) he has irritable bowel syndrome.

Check AnswerSolution[C]:-Abdominal pain in the RLQ and vomiting are symptoms of appendicitis. When the appendix ruptures, a sudden relief of pain occurs, after which the pain resumes more severely.

• (A) Notify the doctor in order to cancel the procedure.
• (B) Prepare the child for emergency surgery.
• (C) Take vital signs and monitor for abdominal sounds.
• (D) Administer an enema to clear the rectal area for testing.

Check AnswerSolution[A]:-Passing a normal-looking brown stool indicates that the child no longer has an invaginated section of bowel.

• (A) A bologna sandwich on whole wheat bread, a chocolate chip cookie, and a glass of milk
• (B) A vegetable pizza, an apple, and a diet cola
• (C) A corn tortilla with hamburger and cooked vegetables and a glass of fruit juice
• (D) A hot dog on a roll, celery and carrot sticks, and a chocolate milk shake

Check AnswerSolution[C]:-Celiac disease is intolerance to wheat, barley, rye, and oats. Some of these children also have lactose intolerance, especially when they have an acute episode of the disease.